Thursday, March 13, 2008

Chemical processing of crude oil:











Chemical processing of crude oil:

Crude oil is a mixture of thousands of different hydrocarbons (compounds of hydrogen and carbon). There are four primary activities that occur in crude refinery processes: (a) Separating hydrocarbons (e.g., distillation), (b) Creating hydrocarbons (e.g., cracking/coking), (c) Blending hydrocarbons, (d) Removing impurities (e.g., sulfur removal).
A. Chemical processing is nothing but changing one fraction into another. Chemical process generally has three methods, such as, (i) Breaking large hydrocarbons into smaller pieces (i.e., cracking); (ii) Combining smaller pieces to make larger ones (i.e., unification); (iii) Rearranging various pieces to make desired hydrocarbons (i.e., alteration).
(i) Cracking: Cracking takes large hydrocarbons and breaks them into smaller ones. Generally, there are two types of cracking; Thermal and Catalytic. In thermal cracking, you heat large hydrocarbons at high temperatures (sometimes high pressures as well) until they break apart. In catalytic cracking, a catalyst is used to speed up the cracking reaction. Catalysts include zeolite, aluminum hydrosilicate, bauxite and silica-alumina. After various hydrocarbons are cracked into smaller hydrocarbons, the products go through another fractional distillation column to separate them.
(ii) Unification: To combine smaller hydrocarbons to make larger ones is called unification. The major unification process is called catalytic reforming and uses a catalyst (platinum, platinum-rhenium mix) to combine low weight naphtha into aromatics, which are used in making chemicals and in blending gasoline. A significant by-product of this reaction is hydrogen gas, which is then either used for hydrocracking or sold.
(iii) Alteration: Sometimes, the structures of molecules in one fraction are rearranged to produce another. Commonly, this is done using a process called alkylation. In alkylation, low molecular weight compounds, such as propylene and butylene, are mixed in the presence of a catalyst such as hydrofluoric acid or sulfuric acid. The products of alkylation are high octane hydrocarbons, which are used in gasoline blends to reduce knocking.

B. Treating and blending the fractions: Distillated and chemically processed fractions are treated to remove impurities, such as organic compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, water, dissolved metals and inorganic salts. Treating is usually done by passing the fractions through: (i) a column of sulfuric acid which removes unsaturated hydrocarbons (those with carbon-carbon double-bonds), nitrogen compounds, oxygen compounds and residual solids (tars, asphalt); (ii) an absorption column filled with drying agents to remove water; (iii) sulfur treatment and hydrogen-sulfide scrubbers to remove sulfur and sulfur compounds. After the fractions have been treated, they are cooled and then blended together to make various products, such as:
(a) Gasoline of various grades, with or without additives;
(b) Lubricating oils of various weights and grades;
(c) Kerosene of various grades;
(d) Jet fuel;
(e) Diesel fuel;
(f) Chemicals of various grades for making plastics and other polymers.

32 comments:

A science guy said...

Hi !

Does anyone have a clue as to why isn’t the industry picking up on the solid acid catalyst technology ?

Isn’t a solid acid a lot safer than sulfuric or fluorhydric acid ? As far as I know, there is only one alkylation unit using solid acid catalysts in the world.

Anyone can help ?

Thanks !

A science guy
Canada

Unknown said...

US crude oil ,
futures are settling at $46.02, down -$0.52 or 1.2% on the day.
The high reached $46.88. The low extended to $45.97. The price is settling near the lows for the trading day.
Crude oil tips ,
Free Crude Oil Tips



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Vladislav Yakov said...

We Can supply Aviation Kerosene,Jet fuel (JP 54-A1,5), Diesel (Gas Oil) and Fuel Oil D2, D6,ETC in FOB/Rotterdam only, serious buyer should contact or if you have serious buyers my seller is ready to close this deal fast contact us below:now base email us (neftegazagent@yandex.ru)

PRODUCT AVAILABLE IN ROTTERDAM/ CI DIP AND PAY IN SELLER EX-SHORE TANK.

Russia D2 50,000-150,000 Metric Tons FOB Rotterdam Port.

JP54 5000,000 Barrels per Month FOB Rotterdam.

JA1 Jet Fuel 10,000,000 Barrels FOB Rotterdam.

D6 Virgin Fuel Oil 800,000,000 Gallon FOB Rotterdam.

E-mail: neftegazagent@yandex.ru
E: neftegazagent@mail.ru
E: neftegazagent@yahoo.com

Best Regards
(Mr.) Vladislav Yakov
Skype: neftegazagent

Thank You

Unknown said...

Nice post Thanks for sharing!
Re-refining is a profitable opportunity since lube oil can be re-refined as many times as you like, therefore becoming a very
attractive business opportunity while safeguarding the environment.
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Akshay Joshi said...

Thanks for sharing blog, used oil can be reused by refining it. get more details about used oil refining.

Vladislav Yakov said...

We Can supply Aviation Kerosene,Jet fuel (JP 54-A1,5), Diesel (Gas Oil) and Fuel Oil D2, D6,ETC in FOB/Rotterdam only, serious buyer should contact or if you have serious buyers my seller is ready to close this deal fast contact us below:now base email us (neftegazagent@yandex.ru)

PRODUCT AVAILABLE IN ROTTERDAM/ CI DIP AND PAY IN SELLER EX-SHORE TANK.

Russia D2 50,000-150,000 Metric Tons FOB Rotterdam Port.

JP54 5000,000 Barrels per Month FOB Rotterdam.

JA1 Jet Fuel 10,000,000 Barrels FOB Rotterdam.

D6 Virgin Fuel Oil 800,000,000 Gallon FOB Rotterdam.

E-mail: neftegazagent@yandex.ru
E: neftegazagent@mail.ru
E: neftegazagent@yahoo.com

Best Regards
(Mr.) Vladislav Yakov
Skype: neftegazagent

Thank You

Unknown said...

RUSSIAN PETROLEUM PRODUCT AVAILABLE ON FOB AND CIF BASIS.

We are an Oil & Gas Trading Company which deals on Russian Petroleum Product Service such as JP54, D2, D6, JA-1 with good and workable procedure.. We are expert in exportation of Russian Petroleum Product around the globe.

Maksim Yaroslav (Mr.)
EMAIL: neftegazconsultant@yandex.ru
EMAIL: neftegazconsultant@mail.ru
Skype: neftegazconsultant
TEL: +7 9265036551

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Vladislav Yakov said...

We Can supply Aviation Kerosene,Jet fuel (JP 54-A1,5), Diesel (Gas Oil) and Fuel Oil D2, D6,ETC in FOB/Rotterdam only, serious buyer should contact or if you have serious buyers my seller is ready to close this deal fast contact us below:now base email us (neftegazagent@yandex.ru)

PRODUCT AVAILABLE IN ROTTERDAM/ CI DIP AND PAY IN SELLER EX-SHORE TANK.

Russia D2 50,000-150,000 Metric Tons FOB Rotterdam Port.

JP54 5000,000 Barrels per Month FOB Rotterdam.

JA1 Jet Fuel 10,000,000 Barrels FOB Rotterdam.

D6 Virgin Fuel Oil 800,000,000 Gallon FOB Rotterdam.

E-mail: neftegazagent@yandex.ru
E: neftegazagent@mail.ru
E: neftegazagent@yahoo.com

Best Regards
(Mr.) Vladislav Yakov
Skype: neftegazagent

Thank You

Anonymous said...

Dear Buyer / Buyer mandate
We currently have JETFUEL, A1, JP54, D2, D6, Available On FOB Rotterdam / Hosuton with good and workable procedure, whereby the buyer will dip in seller's tank for proof of product.
Kindly Contact us via ( russianoilandgastradingllc@bk.ru ) for SCO.

Sincerely,
Mrs Alesya Balashova
Email: russianoilandgastradingllc@yandex.ru
Email: russianoilandgastradingllc@bk.ru
Skype: russianoilandgastradingllc

Rajveer Vyas said...

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Unknown said...

We are please to inform your esteem buying company the petroleum products you are looking for is available in our storage tanks and reservoir for immediate delivery. Such as:

1) D2 DIESEL GAS OIL L-0.2-62 GOST 305-82.
2) D6 VIRGIN FUEL OIL
3) JET FUEL JP54
4) JET FUEL JPA1

Provide your official email or contact us via email to enable us issue our official soft corporate offer (SCO).Thanks.

BELOW IS OUR CONTACT INFORMATION,

E-mail: neftegazoiltrading@yandex.ru
E: neftegazoiltrading@yahoo.com

Skype: neftegazoiltrading

Best Regards
(Mr.) Vico Peißker.
Skype: neftegazoiltrading

Thank You

Unknown said...

Only for real buyers.
Flippers and Joker Brokers are not welcome(with "fantasy" pricing), and will not be entertained. Offer-Only for real buyers. Commodity / Product: JP-54 / TS1, EN-590, ULSD 10 ppm Diesel, D-2 and D-6. Also CIF proceudre on first trial shipment available.
Kindly contact us with this #Email: xcon.oilandgascompany@mail.ru
#Skype: Aleksey Vladislav
TEL: +79268011710
Specification: Standard Export Quality Specification

Unknown said...

We are please to inform your esteem buying company the petroleum products you are looking for is available in our storage tanks, We have an official FOB and CIF offer (Fob Rotterdam). We guarantee truth and professionalism, We will be ready to cooperate with you in various products. to ship to our customers. and reservoir for immediate delivery Such as:

Jp54 Gross price $46/ Net $44. Minimum Order is 2,000,000 barrels / month
JA1 Gross price $46/ Net $44. Minimum Order is 2,000,000 barrels / month
D2 indent $ 380 / $ 370. Minimum Order 100,000mt / month
D6 Gross $0.80 cent USD per Gallon Net $ 0.70cent USD

Provide your official email or contact us via email to enable us issue our official soft corporate offer (SCO).Thanks.

BELOW IS OUR CONTACT INFORMATION,

E-mail: neftegazoiltrading@yandex.ru
E: neftegazoiltrading_sale@mail.ru

Skype: neftegazoiltrading

Best Regards
(Mr.) Vico Peißker.
Skype: neftegazoiltrading

Thank You

Anonymous said...

For Serious Buyer/ Buyer mandate

We have JP54,D2, D6, JetA1 product in Rotterdam/Houston/Russia for immediate lift with good procedure,where buyer conduct dip test in seller tank with proof of product.
Kindly Contact us via (usmanovoilandgas@yahoo.com) for SCO.

Regards
Usmanov Alexie
email: usmanovoilandgas60@mail.ru,
skype: usmanovoilandgas

pavel Alek Ivanovich said...

I am a Broker to a Direct Mandate working with a reputable refinery, and we are to you, esteem buyers that the petroleum products you are looking for is available in our Tanks and Reservoir for immedaite lift and supply.

SUCH AS
1) JP54
2) JPA1
3) MAZUT
4) AGO
5) LNG
6) LPG
7) D2
8) D6
9) REBCO
10) EN590

Please contact us via our official email address.

E-mail: vlahdanichka_misha@mail.ru
phone :+79067109704
skype id:phoenix.tearsoil@bk.ru

Best Regards
Thank You

VLAHD ANICHKA MISHA

Anonymous said...

Hello,

We have petroleum products such as
D1,
D2,
D6,
JET Fuel
A1,
MAZUT,
LPG and LNG

for sale at lift able quantity both on FOB and CIF delivery basis.

I can be reached on

Kuznetsov GAVRIIL Mikhailovich (Mr.)

EMAIL: kuznetsovgavriil.mikhailovich@mail.ru

Skype: GAVRIL Mikhailovich

TEL: +7 9153753185

omelchenkodmitry said...

JP 54, D2, and D6 EN590,JET A1 AVAILABLE ON FOB DIP AND TEST IN SELLER TANK

We Can supply Aviation Kerosene,Jet fuel (JP 54-A1,5), Diesel (Gas Oil) and Fuel Oil D2, D6,ETC in FOB/Rotterdam only, if you want in Rotterdam buyer must own tanks in Rotterdam serious buyer should contact or if you have serious buyers my seller is ready to close this deal fast contact us below:now base email us (omelchenkodmitry@inbox.ru)

PRODUCT AVAILABLE IN ROTTERDAM/ CI DIP AND PAY IN SELLER EX-SHORE TANK.

Russia D2 50,000-150,000 Metric Tons FOB Rotterdam Port.

JP54 5000,000 Barrels per Month FOB Rotterdam.

JA1 Jet Fuel 10,000,000 Barrels FOB Rotterdam.

D6 Virgin Fuel Oil 800,000,000 Gallon FOB Rotterdam.

Contact Person:Feliks Andros
Company: OOO "LK SINTEZ"
Email: omelchenkodmitry@inbox.ru
Skype: omelchenkodmitry@inbox.ru
Phone: +7-926-80-156-31,
English Department

Best Regards

Anonymous said...

We CLOSED JOINT-STOCK COMPANY AGS OIL is one of the leading Oil & Gas trading companies in Russia Federation with good business reputation and well experienced in the Petroleum and mining sector. We offer the following trades through our reliable Refineries: D2 DIESEL OIL GOST 305-82, JP54 AVIATION KEROSENE COLONIAL GRADE, UREA 46%/PRILLS, LNG, LPG, REBCO, MAZUT100 GOST 10585-75/99, AUTOMOTIVE GAS OIL(AGO). We as well secure allocations from our various Refineries for our numerous buyers who are interested in Spot transactions on FOB/CIF deliveries to any world safe port (AWSP). Our Refineries have their products both at Russian ports and Rotterdam port. we also have a reliable SHIPPING COMPANY if you are in need of find the contact bellow.
Email: baevsergeyalexandrovich@bk.ru
BAEVSERGEY ALEXANDROVICH.

Nemaram Punavat said...

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Anonymous said...

We are please to inform your esteem buying company the petroleum products you are looking for is available in our storage tanks and reservoir for immediate delivery. Such as:

1) D2 DIESEL GAS OIL L-0.2-62 GOST 305-82.
2) D6 VIRGIN FUEL OIL
3) JET FUEL JP54
4) JET FUEL JPA1

Provide your official email or contact us via email to enable us issue our official soft corporate offer (SCO).Thanks.

BELOW IS OUR CONTACT INFORMATION,
Please contact us via our official email address.

kuznetsovgavriil.mikhailovich@mail.ru

Whatsapp: +79153753185
Skype ID: live:63388f01d68be9ff

Thanks.
Kuznetsov GAVRIIL Mikhailovich

Angel Bottoms said...

Dear Sir / Madam

we are direct mandate to major oil selling refinery here in Russia Federation, we provide standard services globally and compact into oil trading with commitment to provide excellent service.
The Refinery which we represent can supply to you and your esteemed buyers company any Russian Origin product such as ;
JP54,
Jet A1,
M100,
D2,
D6, etc
without any complications.On agreed sellers procedures we can close the deal within 48/72hours. If interested kindly contact us via

Email: gaznefte.sell@mail.ru
Whatsapp: +79153753185
Skype ID: live:63388f01d68be9ff

Thanks.
Angel Bottoms

Etisalat Yellowpages said...

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Unknown said...

We Neftegaz Energy Consultant, Currently working as a mandate to a Russia Refinery who has following Petroleum products in Rotterdam and Russia for urgent lift.
We have JP54, D6, D2, A1. on CI Dip and Pay.
If you interested contact us for SCO.

Maksim Yaroslav
Email: neftegazconsultant@yandex.ru
Email: neftegazconsultant@mail.ru
Skype: neftegazconsultant

Anonymous said...

Dear Sir/Madam
I am a veteran with common wealth of nations humanitarian delivery agency a subsidiary of UN..
Mrs. Sarah Hayes died of covid19. Before her death she left in the sum of (€17,000,000.00) with a Security & Finance Firm in Europe for safe keeping there is an incrustation she reviled that the funds should not be left unclaimed. You are to stand as the beneficiary to late Sarah Hayes.
Respond to me your interest at lampealfredm46@gmail.com,and contact details for all other formalities which is genuine and trustworthy person.
Hoping to have a good deal with you on mutual trust.
Sincerely,

Dr. Khaibullin Timur Tagirovich said...


Dear Sir/Madam,

We are direct end seller refinery company for the supply of Petroleum products. Currently we are allocating our products on discount platts to capable buyers, we have available Jet fuel, D2 Gas oil, D6, EN590, JETA1, for capable buyer lift in Houston and Rotterdam commercial sea ports and also on CIF basis to any safe world port. Kindly Contact us via: jsc.uraloil@bk.ru for SCO.


Kind Regards.
Dr. Khaibullin Timur Tagirovich   
Email: jsc.uraloil@bk.ru
Skype: jsc.uraloil@bk.ru

pavel said...



We have a reliable tank storage and vessel Available at the port of Rotterdam,
port of Novorossiysk Russia and port of Houston USA. for lease urgently with strong focus on safety,
sustainability, reliability and customer service. Capacity: 3,926,249 cbm Tanks: 99 Tank size:
From 2,000 to 100,000 cbm Access: Barge, Pipeline, Vessel Draught: 21 meter Berths for barges:
15 Berths for vessels: 7 Products: Crude oil,aviation kerosene diesel oil, Petroleum products Services:
Blending, Heating, tank storage leasing & logistics, Dedicated systems, Additives. Terminal type: Hub, Import/Export/Distribution,
Industrial/Co Siting Division: BP Europe,Russia & United States. Ownership: 100.00% For TSA.
and all commercial inquiries, on leasing or sub-leasing, please contact Russia office via:+79167856894 on WhatsApp, Now let me know on
paveleriks@mail.ru that you sent or call us via those contact to secure your conversation!!

pavel said...

Hello we Can supply Aviation Kerosene, Jet fuel (JP 54-A1,5), Diesel (Gas Oil) and Fuel Oil D2, D6,ETC in FOB/Rotterdam only, serious buyer should contact or if you have serious buyers

my seller is ready to close this deal fast contact us below: now base email us severgazinvest@inbox.ru

PRODUCT AVAILABLE IN ROTTERDAM/ CI DIP AND PAY IN SELLER EX-SHORE TANK.

Russia D2 50,000-150,000 Metric Tons FOB Rotterdam Port.

JP54 5000,000 Barrels per Month FOB Rotterdam.

JA1 Jet Fuel 10,000,000 Barrels FOB Rotterdam.

D6 Virgin Fuel Oil 800,000,000 Gallon FOB Rotterdam.

E-mail: paveleriks@mail.ru
Phone via WhatsApp/
Call +79167856894

Best Regards

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